Machine for making types and type-bars.



F. H. RICHARDS. MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPES AND TYPE BARS.

APPLIUATION FILED DEG.20,1900. 919,218.

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P. H. RICHARDS. MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPES AND TYPE BARS.

9,218. APPLIO ATION TILED DEO.20,1900. Patented Apr-.- 20,

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P. H. RICHARDS.

MACHINE FOR'MAKING TYPES AND TYPE BARS. APPLICATION IiLED DEG. 20,1900.

Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

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. u 25 222: L l vii- 5 z g I" 25? I In: NORRIS PETERS c F. H. RIOHARDSrMACHINE FOR MAKING TYPES AND T-YPE BARS.

APPLICATION FILED 13110.2(),1900. I

Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

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F. H. RICHARDS. MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPES AND TYPE BARS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 20,1900. 91 9,21 Patented Apr. 20, 1909. 5SHEETS- 31K331 5.

)dfaifiawsses 1n: NORRIS PETERS co., WASMINGYON, n. z:v

"STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO SAMUEL M.

GARDENHIRE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPES AND TYPE-BARS.

Application filed December 20, 1900.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMachines for Making Types and Type-Bars, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to a machine for making types and typebars, andespecially to a mechanism for making from a solid blank or bar of metala typebar adapted for use in the typographic art for printing a line ofcharacters.

The present invention is in the nature of an improvement .upon thatshown, described, and claimed in the application of Darien W. Dodson,Serial No. 600,151, filed July 22, 1896, to which I have permission torefer. In said Dodson machine the separate types are formed on the edgeof a typebar-blank by first removing excess material from the edge ofsuch a blank to set off a solid type-blank and then subjecting the faceof this typeblank to the compressing action of a type-die to form atype. In said Dodson machine the removal of the excess material iseffected usually by reducing or slotting the edge of the typeb ar-blankat two separated points to set off between the slots a solid type-blank,and the die preferably operates upon the latter with a rolling movementto form the type. This rolling movement, however, in the Dodson machineis a simple one, it being a progressive cycloidal movement in a properorbit.

Prior to the construction of the Dodson machine many efforts had beenmade to produce a machine capable of forming by com pression in solidblanks or sheets lines of composed types or type-faces, but in theseexperiments there was, so far as I am aware, no proper recognition ofthe fact that it is impossible to form in this manner clear-cut typessuitable for the production of printed impressions without removingthose portions of the face of the stock between adjacent characters. Thepresence of this surplus material renders it impossible to form in ablank by compression a series of characters disposed sufli ciently nearto one another to meet the ordinary commercial requirements oftypography.

In the Dodson machine it has been demon- Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented April 20, 1909.

Serial No. 40,575.

strated that, by providing means for setting off successive portions ofa suitable blank from the body of the stock, types may be formed bycompression in such set-off portions without in any way disturbing theposition of any other portion of the typebarblank; that is to say, thesurrounding uncompressed stock will not be affected by the compressionof a set-off segment thereof to form in such segment a type orcharacter, nor will the operation of any finished type be affected,either by a disturbance of the relative position of such type due tocompression caused by flowage of surplus stock from an adjacent type, orby the clogging of the face of such finished type through overriding ofthe displaced metal. In said Dodson ma chine the setting off of thetype-blanks is usually accomplished by slotting the edge of atypebar-blank at two separated points, and the type-blank set off orisolated by the cutting of these notches is usually faced at one or bothof its side edges before being impressed by a type-die. When the die isbrought down upon the blank a considerable portion of the metal of thetype-bar blank is forced out endwise of the typebar-blank and partiallyfills the slots or notches adjacent to the type-blank, and hence theseslots serve to accommodate the flowage from the typeblanks.

The present mechanism, as before stated, is in the nature of animprovement upon that of Dodson, and, broadly speaking, the same resultis attained by bothviz., the formation of adj acent types in a solidblank by removing excess material not required for the making of saidtypes-but the operation of the present machine differs in many respectsfrom the operation performed by the Dodson machine and marks a distinctadvance in the manufacture of typebars, es ecially when the quality ofthe product resu ting from the operation of such machine is considered.

My present invention is also in the nature of a companion mechanism tothe mechanism shown, described, and claimed in my applications SerialNos. 79,360, filed October 21, 1901, and 79,359, filed October 21, 1901,in which applications there are disclosed two species of mechanisms forforming a type upon a typebar-blank without previously setting off atype-blank; that is to say, in said applications I have illustrated twospecific machines for forming; a type upon the edge of a typebar blankwithout first reducing or removing material in advance of the metal fromwhich such type is to be formed. Two of the principal features whichdistinguish the operations of my said companion n achines from that ofDodson are these: I avoid the necessity of setting a finished type-blankbefore the die is brought into action, and i subject each typeformativeportion of the blank to repeated type-forming operations, preferably ofsuch a character that not only will the face ol the type be perfectlyfinished but the base portion will also be finished and strengthened tosuch an extent as to enable it to resist greater crushing forces andlast longer.

My present invention is a machine for making types and especially typebars which diiiers generically in its operation from the Dodson machineand from each of the machines shown in my said companion applications,because in my sa' l companion appli cations the space in advance of anyindividual type is not formed independently of, but is dependent for itsformation. upon, the formation of such type, whereas in the present casenot only is the mechanism distinguishable from that of Dodson by reasonof the fact that it does not form a space in advance of each type priorto tile formation of such type, but it is also distinguishable from themachines described. in my said companion applications by reason of thefact that each space is formed by the mechanism by an operation entirelyindependent of the operation. which forms the type preceding such space.In my said companion applications the formation of the space in advanceof the type is dependent upon the formation of such type, for the reasonthat in such case the space is formed by a wall of the die which formsthe type, whereas in the present case the formation of a space inadvance of a type is not dependent upon the formation of such type forthe reason that in this case the space and the type are formed byseparate and independent members or elements, the type being formed inthis case by a die which is rolled in contact with the edge of theblank, and the space being formed by a retary milling-cutter alsooperative in contact with the edge of such blank.

In forming a type on a typebar-blank by means of my improved type-makingmechanism I employ a device or die for compressing a portion of theblank while such portion is supported at its forward side, and in maxinga space in advance of such type, i employ a space-forming device forremoving material from that portion of the typebar-blanh which is inadvance of such type, after the type-forming operation has beencompleted, this being one species of mechanism for making a type and aspace in advance of such type independently without first forming thespace, another species of such mechanism being shown, described, andclaimed in .panion application Serial No. 40,086, li'ecember 17, 1900,which covers amechanism having type-forming and spaceiorming meansoperative for forming a type and a space in advance of such type indcpcndently and synchronously, the typelorming" means and thespace-forming means beginning and completing their operations upon theblank simultaneously.

in all of my said applications her luhefore referred to a typedie isemployed to corcpress or roll the edge of a type-bar-blank while incontact thereith, the corpressing action being exerted in such a y as toforce most of the surplus stock side-.1 ise of the typcbar-blanh,instead of end 'ise thereof as in the Dodson machine, this surplusmaterial so forced out being ren'ioved or severed from the barpreferably after the completion of the type. During the type formingoperation the portion of the typebar-blanh s. hich is being operated onconiined endwise of the blank preferably betceen two separated lines,one of which in this case defines the inner rear trail of the die andthe other of which is substantially the line oi separation of the typeand the space to formed in advance of such type. in other words, thematerial beingoperated on to form type is confined at its rear side bythe inner rear all of the die and is coni'inod or supported at itsforward side by the adjoining space-formative stock which has not beenremoveo up to the commencement ol the type-forming operation; and bileit should be noted that the type-formative portion of the blank isconfined, and an throughout the operation of the typeforming means, yetit ill be seen. also that in this case the confinement and support ofthe type-formative material are not due at all to the presence of aspace-forming blade dependent for its operation upon the operation ofthe die, is the case in my aforesaid companion applications Serial Nos.79,360 and 79,350. As in said applications, llOZ; ever, practically allof the surplus stock ithin any type-field may be forced beyond thelimits of such field in a direction transverse to the hlan \1 withoutdisturbing the stock of any adjacent held, the ll riiage leing almostentirely in direction cross; ise of the type barlank and the metal soforced out being after. 1rd severed from the typeliiar-blank if itprojects beyond the planes of the sides of the latter, as is usually theease. in all of my applications hereinbefore mentioned an inmortantfeature of the mechanism is typeforming means operative for graduallyforming a type by repeatedly rolling a transverse portion of the edge ofa typebar-blanl; while adequate support for the type preserved the e gis i o ta t ith the type-forming member or die, one of these members, inthe present instance the die, being preferably neciprocated rapidly in acurvilinear path in order that the type during formation may besubjected to such repeated rollings; and moreover a feed movement may beimparted to one of the members to bring it more and more fully intoengagement xiith the other, the result being that the type is graduallyshaped to its finished form by a series of operations which serveconjointly to finish the type perfectly and also to strengthen the bodyof the type very materially during the shaping of the latter;

when a blank is rolled while in contact ith a die it is not essentialthat either of these members be operated in such a nay as to have arolling movement, but merely that the movement imparted to such memberbe of a character for attracting the reduction. of the blank by arolling process. In the present case, however, ,a rolling movement isimparted to the die itself, and all of the various operations to whichthe material is subjected during the making of a type result from twnovementsviz., a rolling movement of one member of the mechanism and afeed movement of one member toward the other and in every case wl' erethesetwo movements are produced by operating one or both of the partsjust mentioned each type it ill be formed gradually and thetype-formative material it ill be subjected to various operations thatwill condense the metal little by little and gradually form awrought-metal type. The principal operations to which the material willbe subjected v. ill be the rolling of the upper or face portion of theblank, the swaging of the face of the type, and the forging ofthe endwalls thereof, and all'of these operations may be performed mostadvantageously by a single type-forming die. The order in which saidoperations occur may, of course, vary, as may also the duration andextent of the same, and as any one of these factors is varied the mannerin which, and the extent to which, the-material is acted upon and shapedwill show a corresponding variation. In every case, hot-revel, l deem itdesirable to employ means for shearing out a type-block,usually on theedge of a typebar-blanlr, and for rolling the material at opposite sidesof such blank ara ay from the latter and preferably beyond the sides ofthe type-bar blank, this material outside of the sheared type-blockcontaining most of the excess which it is necessary to get rid of iftypes are to be formed thereon in close succession. tween the sides ofthe typebar-blank is rolled in this manner substantially all of thelounge is in a direction transverse to the blank and there ispractically no floa'age lengthwise of the bar, especially when the v'hen such material b6 rolled portion of the stock during the operationof the type-forming means is substan- ,tially continuous at ith theremainder of the typebar-blanlr.

It is essential that the major portion of the surplus material be gottenrid of by removing it, as by rolling it, from a point where it willinterfere With the formation of a type to a point Where it will not sointerfere, and preferably to a point or points beyond the sides of thebar, and the type itself is lormed by shaping the material of thecentral typebloek sheared from the mass at any given point. In thepresent case the type-die operates upon this surplus material and uponthe type-block or type-blank simultancou sly, and during the time thatthe excess material is being rolled beyond the sides of the bar thetype-block is also being shaped to bring it to its finished form. henthe blank and the die are in contact with each other and one of them isrolled, and a feed movement is also imparted to one of them to advanceit toward the other, the type-blank will be sheared gradually from themass and the surrounding material Will be rolled off while the shearingoperation is taking place. Moreover the type-die will also operate uponthe type-blank to shape the same into ,a type before the completion ofthe shearing action, and also, of course, before all of the surroundingexcess material has been rolled beyond the sides of the bar. As therolling and feeding operations continue the base of the typeblock isreduced at opposite sides of the bar, the metal condensed by a forgingaction, and the upper portion of the type-block forced up to fill thedie, Which serves to swage the face of the block and shape the face ofthe type. Thus not only may the die be completely filled and the face ofthe type perfect y formed, but the end Walls of the latter will be socondensed by the forging operation of the die as to form a base havingthe maximum amount of strength for supporting the head of the type andresisting any crushing forces that may be exerted upon the latter Whenin use.

The operation of the space-forming means is not only entirelyindependent of the typeforming action, but it need not be at allanalogous thereto. This is the case with. the present invention, inwhich the type-forming means operates to roll the edge of thetypebar-blank and the space-forming means forms aspace in advance of thetype bygradually cutting or milling away the stock after the type hasbeen finished, said sp ace-forming means, of course, serving merely toremove material from the blank and exerting no compressing or condensingaction thereon. In operating this mechanism the space-forming means doesnot begin to remove material in advance of a type until such type hasbeen completed that is to say, not only are the type-forming andspace-forming operations entirely independent of each other, but thelatter does not begin. until the former ceases, and thus the material inadvance of the forming type, and which serves as a means for resistingthe type-forming action and supporting the type its forward side, is notremoved, nor is it at all weakened, until the type-forming op" *ation isat an end and the type finished. l ion the typeforming andspace-forn'iing means shape the qypebar-blanlr in this manner it will beevident that there is a solid body of resistant material at the forwardside of the forming type during the whole of the type-forming operation,and that the material in the type field and the material in thespace-field are directly connected to each other and the typeiieldsupported by a substantially horizontally-disposed mass of stock, aswell as by a vertically-disposed thrust-resisting body of metal, throbout the whole period during which the type-forming means is rolling thebar to form a type. That improvement in machines for making typebars inich the t peforming means and the space-forming means operate upon theblank independently, but in which the space-forming means operates uponthe stock substantially synchronously with the type-forming means, isnot set forth herein but constitutes the subjeet matter of my companionapplication Serial Yo. 40,08 ,iiled Decembe 17, 1900.

ln the drawings accompanying tnis specilication and forming part of thepresent application, F'ture 1 is a side elevation. of a typebar-macliineconstructed in accordance with my present invention. Fig. 2 is an endelevation of the same lookir from the ri' l in Fig. l. 3 is a plan ofthe same. i 4 is an enlarged, perspective view of the principal parts ofthe l lanl-z-holding and feeding mechanism. l 'igs. 6, and 7respectively, enlarged, sectional end elevations of the die-wheel inoperative relation with a typebar-blanlr, and illustrate three relativepositions of the die-wheel and one of its dies ith respect to suchblank, and show not only different stages in the t peforming operationbut also the beginnin, of the rolling on of the die. the ientral Workiposition thereof, and ti rolling or? of said die in forming a type byrepeated rollings. Fig. 8 is a diag ill strating the movements of thedie-carrier during the operation of forming a type. 9 and 16 are,respectively, a sectional end elevation of a typebar-blanh and themace-forming tool,

and a sectional side elevati ,n of said tool and Similar charactersdesignate like parts in the different figures of the drawings.

As has been hereinbefore stated, the Dodson machine for forming typesfrom cold metal produced typebars suitable for the purposes oftypography; but it is desirable for many reasons to make types andtypebars of the very l'iighest quality, and one of the principal objectsof the present invention is to attain this result and thus form typebars that will withstand the most rigid tests of commercial use. Inorder to accomplish this result it has been. found advantageous toemploy type-forming moans operative for compacting and condensing mostperfectly the material of the type proper before the completion of thesame both at the face of the type and near the base thereof, and themany experiments that have been made have demonstrated that the diesfill most perfectly and the types are of maXimum strength when thetype-forming means is operated to roll the material repeatedly andgradually form each type by a series of operations, and the presentmachine embodies means for producing this result.

T he several operative parts of the mechanism may be mounted on anysuitable framework, such, for example, as a base or bed 2, supported inthis case on legs in a well-known runner, and this bed-plate may have anupright or plate 3 rising therefrom and embodying a pair of longbearings 3 and 3". The bearing 3 may serve to support a long pin or stud30, said pin or stud preferably having mounted thereon a lever, such asT, which in this case constitutes a part of the type-forming mechanism,and has a check in engagement with the corresponding cheek of thebearing 3. Said lever may have the usual handle at the upper endthereof, and is intended to support for rotation thereon while moving inan orbital path a diecarrier,

such as D, which may have formed thereon or secured thereto plurality ofdies, such as d. The orbital path in which this die-carrier moves may bea relatively short one, and in the present case the hub or shaft of thediewheel, which hub or shaft is indicated herein by i, is movable in aslot- 3 in the wall 3, and is limited in its movements by the stop wallsat the ends of such slot, said shaft preferably having at the endthereof opposite the die-wheel a knurled head l for turning the same. ltwill be noticed by referring to Fig. 1 that the major portion of thisslot is disposed at one side of a central, vertical line passing throughthe axis of the lever T, and also that said line passes through thecenter of the face of the typebar-blank to be operated on by the sidesof the carrier. One reason for this is that while only a slight orbitalmovement is necessary for the purpose of forming a type on thetypebarblank,

it is desirable to make provision for considerable extra throw of saiddie-wheel for the purpose of disconnecting the same from its drivingmember. This die-wheel may be rotated in any suitable manner whilemoving in its orbit, but for the purpose of imparting such rotarymovement thereto I have shown at 31 a driven spur-gear secured to theshaft 4, this spur-gear being driven in the present case by adriving-gear, preferably in the form of a fixed resistant gear or rack32. In the construction shown the driven and driving gears are soassociated that one of them will be .shiftable toward and from the otherin the plane of the orbital movement of the driven gear, and in thiscase the rack is pivoted at 32 so that it may be swung down at itsopposite end out of mesh with the teeth of the spur-gear .31 when theparts are in the positions shown in Fig. 1. In order that the rack orsegment may be dropped in this manner said rack has in the present casean extension 33 with an opening 33 therein, in which may work theeccentric portion 34, of an eccentrio-stud mounted in the upright 3, andpreferably having a knurled head 34 for turning the same. It will benoticed that this eccentric-pin may serve not only as ameans forreleasing the rack but also for taking up wear between the teeth of therack and the pinion.

It is only necessary to release the driving and driven gears in themanner just described when it is desired to bring a different die intoposition for the purpose of forming another type. In order to locate anydie precisely in its working position I preferably employ in connectiontherewith some means for indicating such precise working position, apointer being shown herein at 35 for this purpose, said pointer beingmounted in the present case on the threaded forward end of the shaft 30and in contact with the forward check of the hub 80 of the lever T andbeing held in place by a nut 36. In order that each selected die may beproperly located it will be evident that the teeth of the driving anddriven gears must be properly spaced with respect to such dies, therebeing in this case twice as many teeth in the driven gear 31 as thereare dies on the die-wheel which moves in unison with said gear.

The blank, which may be of any material suitable for the purpose butwill usually be a type-metal of proper composition, is designated by band may be supported by, and be movable with, a blank-holder or carrier,such as B, mounted on, and movable vertically relatively to, :a secondblank-carrier or blankcarriage, such as B, which may be mounted on thebase 2 so as to have .a feed movement t-ahereover, said carriage beingconfined in this case by suitable side guides, such .as 37 and 37, andthe blank itself being preferably held 1n place in the carrier B, byclampscrews, such as 38. Here the movable carrier B has a bore 39therein, in which is seated a spring, such as 39, which at its upper endis in contact with a face of the carriage l3 and tends to force themovable car'- rier B downward, while suitable operating means may beemployed for the purpose of raising the movable carrier B at the propertime. In the construction shown an anglelever is pivoted at 16 on tnebase 2, and has .a short arm 15, carrying 1138 end an antifriction-roll15", for raising the movable carrier B, while the long arm of saidangle-lever is designated by 15, and has in this case anantifrlction-roll 15', .co-actmg with a suitable operating membersuch as.a cam the movementsof which are preferably controlled by the lever T.In this case said lever has formed thereon a short arm 40, to the lowerend of which is pivoted, by a pinand-slot connection, the slot of whichis designated by ll, a connecting-rod 41, the other end of which ispivoted to an oscillatory arm 42, loosely mounted on a short shaft 4.5,journaled in the long bearing 3, said arm 42 constituting a pawl-carrierfor a pawl, such as 13, which may be pressed, by means of .a spring 43,into engagement with the teeth of a ratchet-wheel 44, movable with theshaft 45, and hence serving to turn the latter step by step. A stoppawl, such as 46, held in place by a spring 16, may .be employed toprevent overthrow and return movement of the ratchet-wheel. This shaftwill therefore be turned step by step as the lever T is swung back andforth, it being evident, of course, that the ratchet-wheel will beturned only when the die-wheel D swings to the right, as seen in Fig. 1.The shaft 45 constitutes in the present case a means for controlling themovements of the arm 15 of the angle-lever that serves to feed the blanktoward the die during the type-forming operation, and the cam which hasbeen hereinbefore alluded to as the means for operating said arm 15 iscarried by said shaft 45, said cam being shown herein at 47, and havinga gradual rise 47, which will cause the blank to be raised in acorresponding manner, said .cam having also a somewhat quick drop, whichis clearly indicated by the line 47. The entire operation of forming atype is carried out in this case by operating one of the dies (Z incontact with the blank I) and feeding said blank toward the die, and thedie employed is so constructed that it forms .a type but does not form aspace in advance of such type. A die of this construction, whileoperating as a single mechanical element, and while it is actuallyconstructed in one piece, has many functions that may be carried out bya large number of tools having a single function; that is to say, it notonly serves to shear out a type-block to fill the die-space,

but it also rolls the face of the type-block, swages the face of thetype to form, and forges the end walls of the type.

The type-dies shown herein have only one blade each, as distinguishedfrom the dies shown in my companion applications Serial Nos. 7 9,360 and79,359 hereinbefore referred to, this blade being at the rear side ofthe die and being preferably of the structure shown at 5. This blade issomewhat thin and' is preferably considerably thinner than the toolwhich serves to form the space in ad *ance of each type. Said bladeforms means for confining endwise of the bar fio-.vage of the stocktoward the rear side of the die, the solid body of metal in the blank inadvance of die that is being operated serving to confine endwise tlowageat the forward side the die, although, of course, during compressionsurplus stock will be free to flow out crosswise of the bar. The blade 5preferably projects throughout its whole length beyond the outer orbottom wall of the die, and hence throughout the whole period duringwhich type is being formed said blade serves to confine at that side ofthe die the mass of material that is being shaped. T he bottom 6 of thedie serves to roll out sid wise the major portion of the material notrequired for the making of a type. The end walls of the diespace, whichare indicated herein by 6, intersect the bottom 6 in the usual wev, asat 6, and the edges 6 serve to shear or cut way from the mass of the bara type-block or typeblank containing sufficient material to fill thedie-space and to form a finished type; and that part of the edge of thetypebar-blank which is operated on, but is not compressed by the blade5, and is not contained within the die-space, is compressed by thebottom wall 6 of the die and is rolled off sidewise of the typebar-blankwhen the diecarrier D is rolled back and forth transversely to thetypebar-blank, but the material so rolled off is always confined endwiseof the bar between the blade 5 and that portion of the stoo contain edin the typobar-blank irrniediately in advance of and below the outer lforward wall 6 of the die. Hence none of this surplus material isoperated on in such a manner as to force it into the field of anadjacent type or space, but instead of the excess'llows sidewise of theblank and may be severed from the bar to bring the sides of the latterinto parallelism with each other.

The manner in which and the extent to which the type-formative materialconfined between the blade 6 and the stock in advance of the forwardwall 6' is operated upon are dependentupon the rolling move ment of thedie and also upon the feed movement of the blank. In this case, as willbe evident from the previous description of the feed mechanism, theblank is fed step by step toward the die in regular manner as the dietravels back and forth across the edge of the blank, and hence duringthe rolling movement of the die the type-forming action will be carrieddown into the stock through successive and substantially equal dist:noes, although, of course, it will be understood that the effect of therolling action upon the blank will not be the same for each opera tionof the die.

As in my companion applications hereinbefore mentioned, the type-formingmeans subjects the stock to a series of operations by l a type is formedwithout immeans of w pairing the strength of the type-formative materialof the typebar-blank. it has been stated before that these blanks willbe suitable composition of type-metal, and more over they may be in theform of separate typebar-blanks or a continuous strip or ribbon of metalfrom which the typebars may be severed after being completed. In everycase, however, wroughtonetal blanks formed ordinarily by the usualrolling operations should be employed, as l have found in practire thatcast-meta blanks are undesirable for the purpose and are not so welladapted to be wrought into shape by such operations as are employed inthis case. The principal reason for this is that cast-metal when rolledand forged in this manner tends to crush and crumble beneath the dieinstead. of compressing and flowing properly, and hence the castmetalwill not fill the dies so well as the wrought-metal nor form the smoothfaces and sharp edges that the latter will.

The manner in which a type is shaped when the blank is subjected to theaction of a rolling die during the feeding of the blank toward the dieis somewhat complex, but is illustrated approximately in Figs. 5 to 8,inclusive, which illustrate the appearance of the forming type duringcertain. stages of the operation. As the die is swung toward the rightand toward the left alternately, the stock at the base of the type-blankor typeblock 1, is forged first at the left-hand side and then at theright-hand side, the forging action being, of course, greatest near thebase of the type-block and also being greater as the for in action iscarried farther and farther down the stoclr. This forging action,however, extends up the entire length of the side being operated on, andresults in a thorough compacting or condensing of the particles of theblank. The forgin action being greatest at the base of the type-blockthe latter will be strengthened most in the region of its base, but thestrengthened base will also be connected with the face of the type by athick layer of condensed metal thoroughly compacted by the forgingoperation. At the same time that this metal iS compressed by the forgingaction of the end walls 6 of the die-space the central, upper portion ofthe type-blank is forced upward lll) into the die, owing to theresistance opposed to the forging action by the upper walls of said,diespace. At .each movement of the die toward the right or toward theleft the metal so forced up tends to fill .one side of the space 9,while the opposite side of said space forms an outlet through which theair confined between the type-blank and the die may escape. During thesetwo movementsviz., the rolling of the die and the feeding of the blanktoward the diethe cutting edges 6" of the die shear farther and fartherinto the metal of the typebanblank and gradually complete the cuttingout of the type-block or type-blank from the mass of the metal. Thistype-blank, it will be seen, is not completely sheared from thetypebar-blank .until the actual completion vof the making of the type.In other words, the shearing of the typeblanl: and the formation of thetype from that type-blank are substantially coincident in the presentapplication as in my companion applications hereinbefore mentioned. Eachtime that a feed movement of the blank and a rolling movement of the dieoccur an additional portiQI of the surplus material confined between thedie-blade 5 and the mass of metal in advance of the outer forward wallof the die is forced out sidewise of the blank principally by the bottomwall 6. After such portion of the surplus has been forced out sidewisein this manner the cutting edges 6 at the next operation shear fartherinto the body of the blank and the metal at the point at which suchcutting edge previously operated is forced farther out toward or beyondthe side of the bar.

In the mechanism illustrated the gradual formation of each type isaccomplished in twenty-four strokes of he lever T, twelve in eachdirection, and Figs. v5, 6, and 7 respectively illustrate the first, anintermediate, and the final positions of the ,die and the blank, Fig. 7illustrating how the blanl; is permitted to drop at the end ,of theoperation in order to separate the die and the blank without impairingthe finished type, although these parts need not be separated, unlessdesired, until after the completion of the space in advance thereof. I

As before stated, the space-for1ning means .or space-forming tool forforming the space in advance of each individual type may operate in anysuitable manner, provided that such operation does not begin until thecompletion of the operation of the typeforming means. As the mechanismshown in the present application is intended to form the type and thespace successively, the lat ter after the completion of the former, thestock contained in the spaceefield, which is the space occupied by thematerial upon which the space-forming tool operates, will not bedisturbed at all during the type-forming action, and hence the supportwhich it is necessary to preserve tne forward side of and below theforming type for the purpose of preventing imperfect location of suchtype will not be at all impaired when the spaceforming means operates inthis manner.

Either the typebar-blank or the spaceforming tool may be operated incontact with the other to form space in advance of the type, but Iprefer to actuate the cutter itself, and in the construction shown thisis preferably a millingcutter, such as 0, normally supported in aposition where it will clear the edge of the typebar-blanl: tlirouglnout the wl'icle of the type-forming operat on, it being preferablycarried by a cutter-bar or cuttei carrier 20, supported at some suitablepoint, such as 22, on the framework, said cuttencarrier having thereonin this case a bracket containing a bearing in which is journaled oneend of a short sl'iaft, such as 21, the opposite end which may bejournaled in. a bearing in the main. portion said cutter-bar, said shortshaft carr ing in this case a gear, such as a bevel-pinion 21, which maymesh with a corresponding bevelpin ion 23, carried at one end of a sideshaft 23, journaled in this case in bearings in a pair of lugs 24 and24-, projecting from the side of the cutter-bar, said shaft 23 having atits opposite end another bevebpinicn 2S, meshing with a correspondingbevel-pinirn 22, carried by the shaft 22, which forms the pivot of thecutter-bar 20, said shaft being journaled in suitable bearings at oneend cf the framework and carrying a band-wheel 22", by which. saidshaft, and hence the cutter a, may be continuously rotated. Thecutter-bar, and hence the cutter a, should normally be held up out ofengagement with the blank 7), and when in its nor al position said.cutter shouldclear the typebai-blanl even when the latter is raised tothe limit of its'upward movement. In this case a spring 25 is employedfor holding the cutter up away from the work.

The cutter-bar preferably has a handle at its free end for operating thesame, and it is intended to press this cutter-bar down by hand after atype has been formed and while the cutter c is being rotated. As soon asthe cutterbar is depressed to the proper point the tool will begin tocutaway the stock contained in the space-field in advance of the lastformed type, and such space-forming or milling operation will continueuntil the cutter-bar reaches the limit of its downward movement. Thislimit should be determined by a suitable stop face, and l iave shown at26 an adjustable stop-screw suported on the framework in a position forimiting the descent of said cutter. This stop should be adjusted. so asto check such descent of the cutter-bar and its cutter when thelowermost cutting point of the milling cutter is substantially at thesame depth to blade of each die operates; that to may be carried down toa point :1

1 below tli l'z-ase of the type formed in iercof. Tie cutter is onehaving teeth.

both on its r on its to ard side, the periphcra 2. designated herein l ccu 'eeth by (2. a l 1 s formed av the cut r l ,,.e a for asimultaneously formed i necessary that the rear face 0 the cutter c beso positioned to operate upon the blank substantially in the plane ofconnection of the typedield am. the space-field in ad ance thereof, andpreferably the rear of this cutter will lie a5; ainst, and besubstantially coincident with, the extreme, forward, outer wall of thedie, and hence the die and the cutter, thon h they will operate upon theblank at di ent times, may work in contact with eacl'r other, the dieserving first to form a type, and roll away surplus material, from thatportion of the stock within the space tield without encroaching upon thestock of the space-field in advance thereof, and the cutter serving toremove, after the completion of the type-forming operation, all thatportion of the stock which lies within the space-lield; and when theseparts operate in this manner it will be evident (see particularly Fig.that no part of the space in advance of a type formed by the die whichmakes such type.

litter the completion of any type and th subsequent formation of thespace in advance thereof a new type, and also a corresponding space, maybe formed by the same die and the cutter or by brin ng another die intoposition to c I porato with the milling-cutter. In order to present anew portion of the blank to the action of such die and. the cuttersuitable feed mechanism may be used. and in the construction shown thecarriage B has depending therefrom a lug 60, which is bored to form anut, through which may be passed a screw-thread, such as 61, having; around shank 61, journaled in. a bearing 62 one end of the base 2, andpreferably 1 secured thereto a handle 61, for tu said screw. Each turnof this screw may represent a unit distance corresponding to unit ofwidth of a type to be formed, and turning the handle 6] the propernumber of times the blank mav be fed forward any given number of unitscorresponding to the width of the type to be formed ly any particulardie wl'iich may be brought into action.

The fins f and f, which are rolled oil by the die during the formationof each individual type, may be removed in any suitable manner, usuallyby means of planing cutters, (not shown,) to bring the sides of the barinto parallelism with each other.

Having described my invention, I claim 1 In a typebar machine, thecombination with a blank holder for typebar blank, of a type die meansfor imparting a relative curvilinear work 9; movement to the die andtypebar blank to form a type on the edge of the blank, and means forindependently forming a space in advance of the type after thecompletion of the said type.

2. In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank holder for atypebar blank, of a type die; means for rolling the typebar blank andtype die in contact one with the other to form a type on the edge of theblank, and means for independently forming a space in advance of thetype after the completion of the said type.

In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank holder for a typebarblank, of a type die; means for imparting a relative working movement tothe die and typebar blank to form a type on the edge of the blank; meansfor independently forming a space in advance of the type after the completion of the said type; and means for feeding the type-making memberstogether during the type-making operation.

4. In typebar machine, the combination with a blank iolder for a typebarblank, of a type die; separate rotary space-forming tool, means forimparting a relative working movement to the die and the typebar blankto form a type on the edge of the blank, and means for rotating thespace-forming tool in contact with the blank to form a space in advanceof the said type.

In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank holder for a typebarblank, of a type die; a separate rotary space-forming tool means forimparting a relative working movement to the die and the typebar blankto form a type on the edge of the blank while the forming type issupported at its forward side by adjoining stock; and means for rotatingthe space-forming tool in contact with the blank to form a space inadvance of the said type.

6. In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank lOlLlGl' for atypebar blank, of a type die; a separate rotary space-forming tool;means for imparting a relative working movement to the die and thetypebar blank to form a type on the edge of the blank; and means forrotating the space forming tool in contact with the blank after thecompletion of the type, to form a space in advance of the said type.

7. In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank holder for atypebar blank, of a type die; a rotary space forming milling cutter;means for imparting a relative working movement to the die and thetypebar blank to form a type on the edge of the blank; means forrotating said milling cutter in contact with the blank; and means forfeeding the blank and the said cutter together to form a space inadvance of the said type.

8. In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank holder for atypebar blank, of a type die; a rotary space-forming milling cutterhaving a bevel toothed forward side; means for imparting a relativeworking movement to the die and the typebar blank, to form a type on theedge of the blank, and means for rotating the milling cutter in con tactwith the blank to form a space in advance of the said type.

9. In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank holder for atypebar blank, of a type die a rotary space-forming milling cutter,operative in a path the rear edge of which is substantially coincidentwith the path of operation of the forward wall of the die; means forimparting a relative working movement to the die and the typebar blankto form a type on the edge of the blank, and means for rotating themilling cutter in contact with the blank to form a space in advance ofthe said type.

10. In a typeba'r-ma'chine, the combination, with a blank-holder for atypebarblank, of a type-die; a rotary space-forming milling-cutter;means for reciprocating said die in a curvilinear path in contact withsuch blank to form a type on the edge of the blank; and means forrotating said millingcutter in contact with the blank, after thecompletion of said type, to form a space in advance of said type.

11. In a typebar machine, the combination with a blank holder for atypebar blank, of a type die; a separate rotary space-forming tooloperative in a path which is the supplement of the path of operation ofthe die; means for imparting arelative working move ment to the die andthe typebar blank to form a type on the edge of the blank while theforming type is supported at its forward side by adjoining stock andmeans for rotating the space-forming tool in contact with the blank toform a space in advance of the said type.

12. In a typebar-machine, the combination, with a blank-holder for atype-bar-blank,

- of a type-die; means for subjecting such typebar-blank to compressionin contact with said type-die to form a type on the edge of suchtypebar-blank; and separate space-forming means for removing from theblank, after the completion of the type, excess material in ad Vance ofsaid type.

13. The combination with selective dies and mechanism for rolling ablank in contact with the dies selectively to thereby form a line of te, of a space-forming instrumentality-in ependent from the dies,mechanism for operating such instrumentality subsequently to theoperation of each selected die.

14. The combination with selective dies and mechanism for operating thedies to form a line of type by rolling a blank against such die, of aspace forming instrumentality independent from the dies, mechanism foroperating such instrumentality subsequently to the operation of eachselected die, and mechanism for feeding each operating die, and thespace-forming instrumentality into the blank. 7

15. The combination with selective dies and mechanism for operating thedies to form a line of type, such mechanism comprising means for rollinga blank by the type-forming mechanism, of a space-forminginstrumentality independent from the dies, mechanism for operating suchinstrumentality subsequently to the operation of each selected die,mechanism for feeding each operating die and the space-forminginstrumentality into the blank, and means for shifting the blanklongitudinally to bring each selected die in turn into cooperativerelation with its corres ending type-blank portion of the type-bar lank.

'16. The combination with an adjustable die carrier, selective diesmounted thereon and mechanism for operating the carrier after eachadjustment to thereby form a line of type on a blank, of a space-formingin strumentality independent from the dies, and mechanism for operatingsuch instrumentality subsequently to the operation of the die carrierfor rolling the blanks by the type-forming mechanism.

17. The combination with an adjustable die carrier, selective diesmounted thereon, mechanism for operating the carrier after eachadjustment to thereby form a line of type ona blank, the blanks beingrolled by the type-forming mechanism, of space-forming instrumentalitiesindependent from the dies, mechanism for operating suchinstrumentalities subsequently to the operation of the die carrier,mechanism for feeding each operating die and the space forminginstrumentality into the blank, and means for shifting the blanklongitudinally.

18. The combination with blank rolling and die mechanism for formingtypes, of in dependent space-forming mechanism operat ve subsequently tothe operation of'the blank-rolling mechanism.

19. The combination with selective dies and mechanism for rolling theblank with each selected die in turn to thereby form a line of type, ofa space-forming instrumentality separate from the dies, and mechanismfor operating such instrumentality subsequently to the operation of eachselected die.

20. The combination with selective dies and mechanism for rolling theblank with each selected die in turn to thereby lorm a line of type, ofa space forming instrumentality separate from the dies, mechanism foroperating such instrumentality subsequently to the operation of eachselected die, and feed mechanism for feeding each operating die and thespace-forming instrumentality into the blank.

21. The combination with an adjustable die carrier, selective diesmounted thereon and mechanism for die-rolling the blank in directiontransverse to the line or length thereof, of a rotative space-forminginstrumentality operative in a plane transverse to the line of length ofthe blank and subsequently to the operation of each selected die.

22. The combination with an adjustable die carrier, selective diesmounted thereon and mechanism for die-rolling the blank in a directiontransverse to the line of length thereof, of a rotative space-forminginstrumentality operative in a plane transverse to the line of length ofthe blank and subse quently to the operation of each selected die, feedmechanism for feeding each selected die and the space-forminginstrumentality into the blank, and means for shifting the blanklongitudinally.

23. The combination with mechanism for die-rolling a blank cross-wise byrepeated movements to form type gradually and by repeated reductions ofa separate spaceforming mechanism operative subsequently to theoperation oi the die operating mechanism.

24. The combination with selective dies adapted to form a succession oftypes each by a succession of gradual reductions, and mechanism forrolling the blank with each se lected die in turn to thereby form a lineof type, of a space-forming instrumentality separate from the dies, andmechanism for operating such instrumentality subsequently to theoperation of each selected die.

25. The combination with selective dies adapted to form a succession oftypes each by a succession of gradual reductions, and mechanism forrolling the blank with each selected die in turn to thereby form a lineof type, of a space forming instrumentality separate from the dies,mechanism for operating such instrumentality subsequently to theoperation of each selected die, and feed mechanism for feeding eachselected die and the space forming instrumentality into the blank.

26. The combination with an adjustable die carrier, selective diescarried thereon and adapted to form a succession of types each by asuccession of gradual reductions, and mechanism for die-rolling theblank in direction transverse to the line of length thereof, of arotative space-forming instrumentality separate from the dies, andmechanism for rotating such instrumentality in a plane transverse to theline 01" length of the blan i and subsequently to the operation of eachse lected die.

27. The combination with an adjustable die carrier, selective diesmounted thereon and adapted to form succession of types each by asuccession of gradual reductions, and mechanism for die-rolling theblank in direction transverse to the line of length thereof, of arotative space-forming instrumentality, mechanism for rotating suchinstrumentality in a plane transverse to the line ol" length of theblank and subsequently to the operation of each selected die, feedmechanism for feedin each 0 eratin' die and the space-forminginstrumentality into the blank, and means for shifting the blanklongitudinally.

28. The combination with die operating mechanism, of a space forminginstrumentality adapted to form, between consecutive types, space priorto the making of the next type in advance along the blank.

29. In a typebar-machine, the combination, with a blank-holder for atypebarblank, of a type die, a separate space-forming tool, and meansfor giving the die and the typebar-blank a rocking movement with respectto each other to form a type on the ec ge of the typeblank, andindependent means for forming a space in advance of the type alter thecompletion of the said type.

30. The combination With die operating mechanism, of a space forminginstrumentality, and means for actuating said. space forminginstrumentality succeeding the formation of the last formed type to forma space between such last formed type and the unworked upon blank.

31. The combination with die operating mechanism, of a space forminginstrumentality, and means for actuating this for forming spaces inexcess of those required for letter spaces between the types aftercompletion and the unworked blank.

32. The combination with a plurality of rotary dies, a blank holder,means for causing one of these to approach the other for a workingmovement, and a rotary space outter having an axis of rotationdi'l'lerent from the axes of rotation of the dies.

The combination with a die carrier, means for rotating and orbitallymoving the same, a space cutter and means for rotating and orbitallymoving the same about axes different from those of the die carrier.

34. In a typebar-machine, the combination with a blank holder, of diesoperable upon a blank held thereby, a rotary space forming milling toolhaving teeth upon one side and a plane lace upon the other side, meansl'or bringing the dies selectively to the blank, and means forthereafter bringing the milling tool to the blank with its plane facetoward the completed type.

35. in a typebar-machine, the combina tion with a blank holder for atypebar, of a series of type dies, means for bringing these selectivelyto the blank, a milling tool and means for bringing the same to theblank to space the same by cutting away the un- Worked upon portion ofthe blank adjacent to the last formed type.

36. The combination with a blank holder, of type dies for selectivelyWorking thereon, and means for cutting away the blank adjacent to eachtype after its completion.

37. In a typographic machine, the combi nation with a blank holder, of aseries oli dies, means for selectively bringing these into Workingrelation with a blank in said holder for successively Working uponportions of the blank, and means for cutting away portions of the blankadjacent to such I portions and Working into the same toward the blankand away from the Worked upon portion.

' 88. The combination With blank holding mechanism, of type formingmechanism, means for actuating one of these elements to form the type bya rolling action, and a space forming-instrumentality comprising amilling tool operative independent of said type forming mechanismsubsequently to the formation of each successive type to form a spacebetween the last formed type and an unworked upon portion of the blank.

FRANCIS H. RICHARDS.

.VVitnesses FRED. J. DOLE, C. E. Voss.

